Green space and loneliness: A systematic review with theoretical and methodological guidance for future research

This systematic review found that urban greening may reduce loneliness and provides theoretical and methodological guidance for future research reported that two-thirds of the studies analysed recognised that green space potentially protected people against loneliness.

The review identified multiple pathways for reducing loneliness. These included:

• building capacities for connection with community

• restoring our sense of belonging and connection with nature

• reducing harms, such as violence, that may otherwise lead to loneliness.

This review and model provide guidance for decision making and further epidemiological research on green space and loneliness.